Shat Gumbad Mosque: The Grand Sixty Dome Mosque of Bangladesh

Introduction

The Shat Gumbad Mosque, also known as the Sixty Dome Mosque, is one of the most iconic and largest mosques from the Sultanate period in Bangladesh. Located in Bagerhat, this mosque is a masterpiece of Islamic architecture, featuring a blend of Turkish, Persian, and Bengali styles.

Despite its name, the mosque actually has 77 domes and 60 stone pillars, making it one of the most impressive structures from medieval Bengal. It was built in the 15th century by the revered Sufi saint and military leader Khan Jahan Ali, who played a crucial role in spreading Islam in the region.

Due to its architectural grandeur and historical importance, the Shat Gumbad Mosque was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 1985. Today, it stands as a testament to the rich Islamic heritage of Bangladesh, attracting historians, architects, and travelers from around the world.

Historical Background

The mosque was built during the reign of Sultan Nasiruddin Mahmud Shah by Khan Jahan Ali, a nobleman and Sufi saint who arrived in Bagerhat to establish an Islamic settlement.

Construction Period: Between 1442 – 1459
Purpose: Built as a place for prayer, education, and community gatherings
Significance: Served as the spiritual and administrative center of Bagerhat

Khan Jahan Ali not only constructed the mosque but also played a vital role in the urbanization of Bagerhat, making it one of the most well-planned cities of its time.

Location and Accessibility

Where is Shat Gumbad Mosque Located?

The mosque is located in Bagerhat District, Khulna Division, Bangladesh, about 3 km west of Bagerhat town and 320 km southwest of Dhaka.

How to Reach Bagerhat?

By Bus: Direct buses from Dhaka to Bagerhat take around 6-7 hours.
By Train: The nearest railway station is Khulna, from where you can take a bus or CNG to Bagerhat.
By Air: The nearest airport is Jessore Airport, followed by a road journey to Bagerhat.

From Bagerhat town, visitors can hire rickshaws or local taxis to reach the mosque.

Architectural Features of Shat Gumbad Mosque

The mosque is an architectural marvel, known for its grand scale and unique design.

Key Features:

Number of Domes: 77 domes (not 60 as the name suggests)
Stone Pillars: 60 pillars supporting the roof
Walls: Built with thick burnt bricks for durability
Arches and Entrances:
- 11 arched entrances on the eastern side
- 7 entrances on the north and south sides
Prayer Hall:
- Features a massive mihrab (prayer niche)
- No minarets, which is uncommon for mosques of this scale

The mosque’s design showcases a fusion of Turkish, Persian, and Bengali elements, making it unique in the Islamic world.

Cultural and Religious Importance

The Shat Gumbad Mosque has served as an active place of worship for centuries.

Daily and Friday Prayers: The mosque continues to host local worshippers.
Eid Celebrations: Thousands of people gather here during Eid-ul-Fitr and Eid-ul-Adha.
Sufi Influence: As a mosque built by Khan Jahan Ali, it holds spiritual significance for Sufi followers.

UNESCO World Heritage Recognition

In 1985, the Shat Gumbad Mosque was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site, along with other historic structures in Bagerhat.

Why is it a UNESCO Site?

One of the largest and best-preserved mosques from the Sultanate era
A unique example of Indo-Islamic architecture
Represents the spread of Islam in Bengal

This recognition has helped in preserving and restoring the mosque for future generations.

Tourist Attractions Near Shat Gumbad Mosque

If you’re visiting the mosque, you can also explore these nearby attractions:

Khan Jahan Ali’s Mausoleum – The tomb of the mosque’s founder.
Nine Dome Mosque – Another beautiful historic mosque.
Sundarbans Mangrove Forest – A UNESCO-listed natural wonder.
Bagerhat Museum – Showcasing historical artifacts from the region.

Visitor Information

Opening Hours: 9:00 AM – 5:00 PM (Closed on government holidays)
Entry Fee:
- Locals: 20 BDT
- Foreigners: 300 BDT
Best Time to Visit: November to February (pleasant weather for sightseeing)

Interesting Facts About Shat Gumbad Mosque

It actually has 77 domes, not 60. The name comes from its 60 stone pillars.
It is one of the largest mosques from the Sultanate era.
It was built without iron or cement, relying entirely on brick and lime mortar.
It has stood for over 500 years despite natural disasters.

Conclusion

The Shat Gumbad Mosque is not just an architectural wonder; it is a symbol of Bangladesh’s rich Islamic heritage. From its massive domes to its centuries-old history, it continues to attract travelers and researchers alike.

For anyone visiting Bangladesh, a trip to this UNESCO-listed marvel is a must.